Measuring machine



April 7, 1953 G. N. LEvEsQUE MEASURING MACHINE Filed June 29, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet l mss Apnl 7,l 1953 G. N. LEvEsQuE MEASURING MACHINE Filed June 29, 194e '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 NNN April 7, 1953 G. N. LEvEsQuE MEASURING MACHINE Filed June 29, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet S April?, 1953 v G. N. I EvEsQUE MEASURING MACHINE 7 'sheets-sheet 4 Filed June 29, 1946 e QN r www. m yf iw Q @MM U D J v W pw April 7, 1953 G. I EvEsQUE 25,633,642

MEASURING MACHINE Filed June 29, 1946 .7 Sheets-Sheer!-l 5 April 7, 1953 G, N. LEvEsQuE 2,633,642l

MEAsuRING MACHINE 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June 29, 1946 @e ogg j km. al

April 7, 1953 G. N. I EvrzsQuE MEASURING MACHINE 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed June 29, 1946 ZERO 10J.'

Patented Apr. 7, 1953 MEASURIN G MACHINE George N. Levesque, Cranston, R.. I., assigner to Brown and Sharpe Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Rhode Island Application June 29, 1946, Serial No. 680,395

The present invention relates to improvements in measuring machines, and more particularly to such machines capable yof making measurements oi solid bodies accurate to the nearest hundred thousandth of an inch. The invention is herein disclosed as embodied in a precision bench measuring machine having a range from y zero -to eight inches.4

It is a principal object of the invention to provide'a novel and improved precision measuring machine capable of measurements in the order of .00001 inch which is suitable for bench use, is capable of being-manipulated quickly and easily to secure the desired readings, and does not require any extraordinary degree of skill in the handling of precision instruments for its successful use, so that the results obtained are relatively free from such errors due to human factors which are likely to arise in the use of the extremely complicated instruments known in the prior art.

More speciflcally, it is an'object'of the invention to provide a novel and improved construction and arrangement of the Work Contact members of the machine, together with the supporting and actuating devices therefor to provide for an accurate determination of the position of each of these members with relation to a known refer- 'ence position, and further to provide gauging l devices including amplifier and visual inspection means for gauging quickly and accurately the position of each mem-ber With relation to the associated reference position.

It is a further object of the invention to providein a measuring machine of the general type described, a novel and improved vmechanism for effectingl'movement of 'the headstock contact member or measuring head of the machine *A through' precisely measured distances including such means for electing movements `over a Wide range and -for accurately measuring -the extent ci vsuch movements of'said contact member -or head in terms of relatively large units of measurement in combination with additional means for moving and for measuring the extent of such move- 32 claims. (o1. :is- 147) measuring head or contact member, said 'devices including a measuring member which is driven separately from the measuring head and is therefore free from any deflecting or Wearing stresses or strains. Y Y It is a further object of the invention to provide a measuring device includingu an indexing screw and a member threaded to the screwlfor movements axially thereon measured in terms-of rotational movement of the screw, which will be morev fully and accurately compensated for errors in the screw and which is therefore capable of effecting such measured movements With a greater degree of accuracy and precision than comparable devices of the'prior art;

Further in accordance with the invention, a novel method has been developed of making measurements upon work pieces with the several mechanisms andl devices of the illustrated machine, which provides for the most eiective use of the mechanisms and devices referred to, for the making of extremely fine measurements, and permits of the making of such measurements quickly and accurately'and without any requirement for great or unusual skill or ex perience on the part of the operator.

It is another object of the invention to provide a novel and improved organization of aprecision bench measuring machine of Vthe general type illustrated, which includes a novel and improved location of the supporting feet of the machine to reduce deilections set up by the use of the instrument, and more particularly by the placing of the Work piece thereon, to an absolute minimum.

With the above and other objects in view, as may hereinafter appear, a measuring machine is here shown embodying in a preferred `form the several features of the invention, which comprises in general a pressure footstockV including a footstock spindle arranged to be urged against the Work piece under a carefully regulated pressure,j and a headstock assembly including a movable headstock support, a headstock spindle movable on the support, and devices for imparting coarse and iine gauge positioning movements to the headstock support and headstock spindle respectively, together with means for measuring with the greatest possible accuracy the extent of such movements.

In accordance with the invention, an indexing screw is employed for effecting coarse gauge measuring movements of the headstock spindle,

and mechanical means are provided in the form of a notched index plate and pawlfor accurately positioning the screw in each of the indexed positions designated by the divisions of an indexing dial arranged to record the angular indexed positions of the screw. In order to obtain the necessary accuracy in the operation of the screw and driven member threaded thereto, provision lis made .for a careful correction of errors in the screw. *In the illustrated form of :the invention, provision is made for the correction 4of recurring harmonic errors in the screw by the eccentric adjustment of the indexing plate with relationto the screw.

The mechanism provided in accordance with the invention for imparting' accurately'measured movements to the headstockspindle includes a feed screw and nut for moving the headstock support, and a separate measuringaf'screwrfand measuring member driven therebv in svnchronism with but independently of the headstcck feed screw. The measuring member in this con- '-'structionfprovides" a@ reference position on" the eheadstckL-Twith relation tey which measured ne L'fgauge adiustrnents are made.

Tfliutherk in -`accordance with 'the invention, there is provided a novel means forl indicating 'the positionfofeach of theheadstock and fcotsto'ckl-'-s-pi1`1dles'l with-n relation `to' predetermined '-freferencefpdsitions established coni the he'adstock iand "'ifoo'tstock '11" respectiv'ely. 'lhe A-`'indicating means-l referredeto; comprises a footstocklengaging member-bintheilformlof a strainedelement "connctedfbetweenflthe.-footstock spindle fand a stationary part'lofthelfootstockg- -and a -headf'stockffstrainedv elenient4 connectedv i at VVone' `end with the headstockf-measuringmember' above referred to. iand hat its other 1end Yto 'the `headstock4 spidleg'feachiof said" strained elements 'being 'adapted to lie-maintained under a condition ^of-strain`l=variable in accordance withichanges I in the-v positionslofthereseective spindles. 'With eachf strained/ element there is provided" strain sensitive gauging means connectiblelwith an arnplifying and visualinspectionVV device' to provide .etV greatly* ma'g'iiied- 'and` easilyv perceivedv Aindi- `cation ofI any-suchi stainvariation. v Tin 'the -illustrated formbfthedevice bonded 'electrical "strain sensitivelgauges areremploy'ed, arranged infWheatstonebridge circuits.' in combination with' an*'electricaliam'oliiier Vand visuali inspectionmeterlunit `'aida'.pted to provide 'an extremely *"'snsitivel ind ic'aticur 'oi'r any movement 'oiQ-'the 4-lfieadstcckandfo'otstc'ckspindle iirespectively with if'elation to the- .predetermined reference position. rFrthei fin -acccrdancefi with the tinv'ention. there is provided with the headstock=..assembly, K a dial*potentiometer'whichc isrco'nnected, across f the 'beadstock' Wheatstcne `bridge' circuit. and is ianyfmovem'ent "oflthe 'headstockspindlewith '.re-

-flatimrl to the fheardstockmeasuring member.

l 'f'.thetseveral features of thelinventicn' consists also Sin', :.the" 'detailsl'oftb e: method Tand in' 'the devices combinations vand"arr-angement 'of parts "hereinafter'-l `described: and."claimed,y which' i tov'getherwith theadvantages to be obtainedthere- 1bv':will'befreadilv understood by one skilleddn `the artffrom thefollo-wing" description Ytaken in connec'tion with the vlacc'ompanving drawings; in

which Fig. 1A is a view in front elevationof a "measuring machine lwhich embodies Sin al preferred' iform 'the features of the invention; Fig. 2 is Aan enlarged sectional View in front "elevation illustrating particularly the headstock 'and *footstoclc '-actuating"mechanisms; the- Lpartsy be- 4 ing shown with a piece of Work to be measured in place and with the adjustable foot located directly beneath the work supporting column; Fig. 3 is a plan view of substantially the parts 5 shown in Fig. 2, certain of the parts being broken away and sectioned to show underlying parts; Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail View illustrating par- .tic'ularly ethe iootstock Jiand ,Worhv-fsupport, the "footstock' being"sectionedon the line" 4 4 of l Fig. 5; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the foot- Jstock mechanism taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. vigwFig: 6: is an end view of the machine looking from the right with the cover plate removed AGand??with: cert'ainzparts sectioned to illustrate l j'-pa'rticularly fthedrive for the headstock feed Wscrewand-"measuring screw and the eccentri- :callyfmovablemindex plate compensating for periodic harmonic errors in the screw; Fig. 7 is afse'ctional view taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is 4a diagrammatic View of the bonded electrical strain :gauges :.-theiaWheatstone :bridge circuits-fofwhi-ch they are. a; part; and: the namupliiiersand visualt inspection funits'vassociateduwith the-'machinesFig-ir 9'is a diagrammatic vievwof Atfhe'felectrical connections included `onvtheein- `strument vpanel -of themachine which :include the two-way switch; and :the several controls yi or the headstock and footstock strainrgauge vWifi-reatstone-bridgef circuits; -Fig.- f10`. is ardetail sectional 39 view of the .instrumentepanellooking .from :the right as viewed in Fig. 1; Fig. llis aidetailview of the instrument panel Tlooking lfrom: 'theI rear and showing substantially .the-parts illustrated in Fig. :10; Fig. `12is avviewiinisidefelevation`of the iootstock--unit/cf an internal=measuring-fat tachment rfor4 `the -measuring1.machine;. Fig. .s 13 Yis an -endviewfoffftheattachment unit-shown in Fig.Y V12; Fig 14 is a Vviewin sideelevationnf the, headstockiunitaoan internal= attachment @for vthe:'measuringinachinegsand Fig. -15 isftan end view of the attachment shown 111,14.

The .inventionis-herein disclosed -.in rerpreferred Vform afbenchfprecision. measuringmachine, which-1 comprises` a heavy` -rigidlyconstructedbase 5 2B; aheadstocl; 2 2- which .isfaxiallymovable over i a4 rangeoffour r:incheslonthebases a footstock l2 4- which is adjustalclleirom onectoY .thefothen of two carefullyadjusted 4positionsfourinchesapart sothat the machinehas a total measuringca- 3g pacity from zero to. eight vinchesfand a-work-.sup-

vporting assembly comprising a work supporting Atable" 25mn-which the Work to` be measured is mounted. The work'tofbe-.measuredis-placed Non the lworinv support 'between contact anvil-sur- Vfaces -2I,.--29 provided -.onheadstock ,spindlef28 'and on a footstockfspindle-Si).carr-ied-on-.thefheadstock n2 2 Vand ffcotstock 24 respectively.

:The :footsto'ck 24f-of .the-illustrated Pmachine seef1igs.-V 21to 5; inclusive):` comprises'. a fhousing 50 f'which A provides support .-forthe footstockspindle '3B suspended .-forflimited` faxial fmovement cnftwo disk springs 32,v 311.. In accordance -with a-feature .of :the invention; .the-.footsteckspindle with its vanvill surface r29fis-urged under yielding pressure cri-againstwthe work piecetobe-measured by.means of aitensioning member Ainfthe-iorrn of a collapsed column 35. A group of bonded electricalstrain sensitive-gauges'- RS i, R32; R33 and R34 arranged in a'Wheatstonebridge circuit I,are'mcunted :on the collapsed column,` and serve fin combination with vsuitablef'amplifying- 'and'. visual-- Iinspection f'means" hereinafter more fully --to be described; `to providefran extremely accurateV indicationeor'.4 the position ofrthe Vfootstcickaxially. ffl-he footstock .l spindle :361comprises a-rcentral barrel-.portionp-to which is secured at one end an anvil receiving rextension 3| of reduced diameter and Iat its other end an extension 31, these extensions being sejto provide a rigid connection between the disk spring supports and the spindle 30. The forward extension 3| of the spindle 30 is provided with a centering hole 42 which may be of ordinary description. The collapsed column 36 takes the form of a fiat spring member which is interposed between a downwardly extending lug on a collar 44 on the spindle 30 and a block 46 rigidly secured by means of a pin 48 to the footstock casing 24. y

Movement of the footstock spindle 30 toward the work under the influence of the collapsed spring column 36 is limited by means of a stop member 5|! which is secured at its lower end to stantially uniform netpressure resisting the ymovement of the spindle 30 under the iniluence of the collapsed column 36 over the full range of movement of the spindle, which in the present case is assumed to be approximately seven thousandths of an inch. It will be understood that the combined pressure exerted by the springs 62, 64 rearwardly is slightly less than the pressure exerted by the collapsed column 36 toward the work, so that a very small and accurately adjustable net pressure is exerted upon the spindle toward the work.

The footstock 24 as best-shown in Figs. 4 and '5, is mounted for movement longitudinally of the measuring machine on a at way 18 formed on the base 26. The way is formed with a trued vsurface in ahorizontal plane and a trued front edge surface at right angles thereto in a vertical plane, these surfaces being engaged by a correturn with a rock shaft 52, is further arranged for engagement against the rear side of the stop block 46, and is provided at its upper end with a reduced portion which is fitted loosely within a slot 56 in the spindle 30, and provides a stop surface for engagement with a corresponding stop surface on the rear end of the slot 56. A spring-pressed pin 58 seated in a recess in the footstock casing 24 engages against the movable stop member 50 to maintain said member normally in engagement with the stop block 46. this being the position of the parts shown in Fig. 4.

For manually retracting the spindle, rocking movements are imparted to the stop member 56 by means of connections whichinclude a hand lever 6D secured to the outer end of the rock shaft 52. By manipulating the hand lever 653, the operator can readily rock the shaft 52 and stop member l50 in a counterclockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 4, to retract the spindle.

In order that an accurate adjustment of the work engaging pressure exerted by the footstock spindle 3Q and anvil member Z9 through the collapsed column `36 may be had, a pair of springs 62, 64 are provided, coiled one outside the other about the reduced rearward extension 31 of the spindle 3|). As best shown in Fig. 4, the inner spring 64 is seated at one end against an inwardly extending ilange formed on a sleeve member 68 threaded into the rear end of the footstock casing 24. At its other end the spring 64 is seated against a collar 16 which is xedly mounted on the rearward extension 31 of the spindle 36. The outer spring 62 is seated at one end against `an internal shoulder 12 formed on the sleeve member 68, and at its other end engages against the rim of an inwardly extending sleeve portion of an adjusting nut 1-4 threaded to the extension 31 of the spindle 36. The adjustment of the nut 14 serves to increase or decrease the net pressure exerted by the springs 62, '64 in a rearward direction counter to the direction of the pressure exerted by the collapsed column 36. Scale markv ings may be provided, not specifically shown but preferably located on the adjusting nut 14, to

indicate the net spring pressure for each positionv of adjustment of the nut, one scale being provided for external measurements on the machine and a second scale being provided for internal measurements on the machine as herein after more fully set forth. rI he two springs 62 and 64 are so chosen and calibrated as to provide a subsponding horizontal surface provided on the under side of the footstock 24 and a vertical surface provided by a downwardly extending lip on the forward edge of the'footstock. The footstock is rigidly clamped in position by means of a spring-seated locking bolt 82 and a second solidly seated bolt '83, said bolts being at their inner ends screw-threaded into nuts 84 which engage within a T-shaped'slot 86 formed in the way 18. This arrangement provides a substantially rigid support for the footstock, but permits the rear end of the footstock to lift and thus avoids damage in the event that the operator adjusts the gibs with the bolts S2 clamped. With the present construction, means are provided for accurately positioning the footstock so that the face of the footstock work contacting anvil may be parallel to the face of the headstock work contacting anvil. These adjustments are made by means of two sets of adjusting screws mounted in a boss 88 formed on the footstock 24, which cause the footstock to be rotated independently about a vertical axis and a horzontal axis each parallel to the face of the headstock work contacting anvil. The two vertically arranged screws designated at Si), are provided for adjustment about the vertical axis, the two horizontal screws 92 being provided for adjustment of the footstock about the horizontal axis. The vertical screws 63, as best shown in Fig. 5, are provided with tapered ends which engage between them the correspondingly tapered sides of a wedge element 94 which is in the nature of a gib and cooperates with a wedge surface formed in the outer wall of the recess in the footstock within which the wedge is mounted. Lengthwise movement of the wedge or gib 94 to adjust the position of the footstock in a horizontal plane is efiected by loosening one of the screws S0 and tightening the other. The similarly tapered inner ends of the horizontally arranged adjusting screws 92 are arranged for engagement with correspondingly angled end surfaces of a wedge or gib 65 disposed centrally of the footstock and its supporting way 18. The gib 96 is supported in the under face of the footstock for axial movement relatively thereof, and is adapted to cooperate with the sloping under surface of the footstock, so that endwise adjustment of the gib to the right as viewed in Fig. 4 with relation to the cammed under surface of the footstock casing is effective to raise the rear end of the footstock, whereas movement of the gib to the left is effecvtive to lower the rear end of the footstock and fprovlded :for the-.electrical- Wiresfleading toY ,the

:of a .Work piecefiniterms-of-very small decimals.

ci an inch. Thamachine illustrated in the` draw- :ng-ziszconstructed.zand :arranged forirneasurementsfreadingdirectly to the'nearest of two hun- Ydred;thousandths .ofpan inch. The headstock 22 the illustrated .machinetakes the form .of a -relatively long casing which is mountedfor move- `ment 'longitudinally on suitable ways Hillen the -base 20, andfcarries at its forward end the head- .:stockgspindlefZS which isv in turn mounted for -zmovement axially with relation to the-headstock '122.- The mechanism includes a headstock feed -V screwz H52 and nutf |03 forimparting longitudinal .movementsfto the headstock 22 and spindle 28 mounted thereon, toward and away from the foot- Vstools. yIn accordance with the invention, there is also provided a separate Imeasuring-.screw l@ r(seeig. 2)V and, measuring member or frame ..185- :which-'is vscrew-threaded thereto. The headstcck assembly ofthe present machine further includes a device -for 'accurately determining and fmeasuring'any changes in therelative position of the headstock'spindleiand themeasuring member i', so thatgfor-ithe determination of the distance ,smoved'by.theheadstock spindle from its fzeroed position whenmeasuring a work piece, it isrnecessaryr rst .tomeasure the distance moved "by-.theheadstock;-.measuring member tilt, and -thereafter .to determine the-extent of vany relative Vmovement which may have taken place be- Vtween. the measuring member and the headstock ;spindle; the sumv ofthe two readings being the :dimension of the'work piece measured by the ma- '.Chine. The measuringscrew with the measuring member .threaded thereto, provided with the Vheadstock assemblyherein' illustrated, is completelydisassociated.from the feed screw and nut --connectiom so that the measuring screw may not :be subject tothe strains and wear incidental to the mechanical operation Vof moving the head- 'stock spindle toward and awayfrom the work piece The mechanismfprovided with the pre- "fer-r'ed form-ofthe invention to indicate any change rif-:position of the headstock spindlewith `'relation to the measuring member or frame ist, Vtakes the form of a thin spring plate IBS which 4is inserted between the headstock spindle and 'the measuring member, and is bent suciently to formv a collapsed column. Variations in the amountzof bend imparted to the spring member b-orfplatell by relative movement of the headstock spindlerandmeasuring member are meas- UAured to providean extremely accurate indication vof variations in linear displacement of the spinl'dle and` measuring member. The gauging means employed-include a group of bonded electrical strain-sensitive gaugesA RISl, R332, R133 and "Risemounted on the'spring member |08 and connected'in a' Wheatstone'bridge circuit to provide a"v sufficiently sensitive indication of variations -in' strainA impressedrupon the spring plate s: L06 .such relative., movementy oLtha spindle and. measuringV .-.member. The. indication'. thus ,produced isarrangedtobe calibratedto indicate relative .movement of.y .thespindleand measuring member 1in terms of-smalllinear units whichmay be .00001 Ainch, by means of a dial potentiometer ...connectedacr-css .the terminals v,of .the Wheatvstone bridge circuitgandscale adjusting resistors associated therewith. Theffindication thus .pro-

duced is amplified. and isy presented for the .visual inspectionVV of the, operatorby. means of .an..elec

.trical .ampliierand. visual` inspection unit .here- ,.inater. more fullyvl to .be described.

v f'-her `,term ,,collapsed column.v -as usedin. this j speciiication. refersvto a ,member which hasheen rbent, to av point close vta itsielastic. limit `a'ndhas .collapsed as acolumnso. thatany urthenslight increase .ordecrease in ,the amountoi bendrdoes not appreciably vary the amount of endwise thrust vor stress Vexerted .by..said..member. The range of movement. .ofthe. headstock .and footstock spindlesisismall so that the .strainede1e 4ments willact. as collapsed columns. within .the range. or' variation in bend to which theyaresubjected-by the movement of.. theheadstoek and .footstoclr spindles. A morecomplete.. description or the `collapsed,column-above referred towill be .found in applicants application for .Letters Patent in. the. United States Patent Ofce,,Serial No. 608,153, iiled lAugust 1, A1945, for Gauges, said ap- .plicationhaving .matured as Patent No. 2,581,264,

issued January 1, 1952.

Furtherin accordance with the invention, mechanical means are provided which` act in-.cooperation. withA the `manual iced and measuring screw operating means to arrest movement of .the

headstocl unit. including the measuringmember H16 in any one of a number of exactly predeterminedpositions corresponding to scale positions indicated-on the Yheadstock for each one -thousandth of arrinchof movement of the headstock spindle. ,In the illustrated form of the device, this mechanism` comprises a circularindexing plate and a cooperating spring-pressed pawl -me1nber. Jis.hereinafter more fully pointedout, these parts in accordance with theinvention, serve ralso as av means oficorrecting the angular position of the measuring screw of the device for constant harmonic. errorsv occurring in eachl successive revolution of the measuring screw. Factors which contribute to produce errors of this type include lead errors in the measuring screw, run-out in the bearings for the measuring screw,

.run-out of the mounting for the'inclex plate, and

errors in theV index plate.

.The feed screw 1.02. and the measuringrscrew @I 0A'. are. connectedA to bedriven synchronously but ytively long .outwardly extending sleeve `hub IH,

and is rigidly secured by means 'of a-taper fitand a locking nut H3 to the rearward extension of themeasuring screw |04.' Rotational movement is imparted to' the feed screw V02 and measuring screw i104 by means of a hand wheel l M which is mounted together with a calibrated dial H5 on` the reduced outer end of lthe sleeve hub of the gear l l0, being rigidly secured in place thereon bymeans of a locking nut I l5." The-pitch of 'thesynchronously driven feed screwands-measuring screw is such `asto'cause the headstocki22 desde@ and the measuring member or frame to( have imparted thereto substantially identical movements in the same direction, one revolution-of the hand wheel ||4 and screws driven thereby being equivalent to one tenth of an inch of movement of the headstock and measuring member. The dial ||5 is marked with one hundred divisions to provide a direct measurement of movement of the headstock in terms of hundredths and V'thnrsandths of an inch. Certain portions of the driving mechanism including particularly the gears I I0, I |2are housed in a casing I II secured to the end of the headstock. Asbest shownl in Fig. 1, a shield or cover ||8 extending forwardly from the rear wall ofthe supporting base eX- tends forwardly over the headstock 22, and provides protection for the feed screw' and measuring screw and other associated parts when the headstock 22 is moved forwardly toward the footstock. A scale |20 on the side of the cover or shield lI I8 arranged to cooperate with a pointer |2| carried on the rear end of the headstock 22, is calibrated to provide a direct reading of the position of the headstock in term-s of inches and tenths of an inch.

, As specifically illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the feed screw |02 for imparting translatory lmovements to the headstock 22 is mounted at one end ina bearing |22 formed in a wall of the base 20, and at its other Aend in a bearing member |23 which is secured in the rear wall of the base 20. The bearing member |23 serves .also as an end thrust bearingzfvor the feedscrew, being engaged atrone side thereof by a narrow collar |24 on the feed screw,and at its other side by the hub of the gear H2. The measuring screw ll|04 is supported at its forward end as shown in Fig. 2, in a taper bearing |25 in the wall of the base 20, and at its other end in an, oppositely tapered bearing formed in a bearing member |28 mounted in the rear wall of the base 20. A collar |38 secured to the left hand end of the Vfeed screw |02 as shown in Figt 2, provides a positive stop to limit advancing movement of the headstock nut |03 and headstock 22 under the influence of the hand wheel |I4. Y l l In accordance with the invention, manually operable means are provided for eecting a ne adjustment of the position of the headstock spindle 28 axially on the headstock 22. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the ext'entof such movement is then measured specifi- .cally with relation to theposition of the measuring` member |06 by means of the strained spring plate |88 and associated indicating, amplifying and visual inspection means herein described, adapted for measuring the adjusted position of the headstock spindle 28 to the nearest hundred thousandth of van inch. 1

vAsY best shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the headstock spind1e 28 is mounted for rotational and axial movementin two bushings. |40, |42 mounted -in the left hand or leading end of the headstock, and the spindle is additionally screwthreaded at |43 for engagement with an internal .thread formed in the bushing |40, so that rota- 5tional movement of the spindle' 28 is effective to advance or retract the spindle with relation to the headstock 22. Such axial adjustment, .of the headstock spindle 28 is eifected by means of a fine adjustment knob |44, through connections which comprise a laterally extending pin |48 which is provided Vwith a screw-threaded collar I 4 8 for engagement with an internal screw thread formedin an enlarged recess portion of the headstock 22, so that rotational movement of the pin |46 has the eiect also of moving it axially. At its inner end the pin |48 is provided with circular rack teeth |50 which engage with corresponding teeth formed in a sleeve element |52 rigidly pinned to the headstock spindle 28. Y

The mechanism provided in accordance with the invention for accurately measuring the total extent of the movement of the head-stock spindle 28 from its zeroed position in which itis in engagement with' the footstock spindle similarly Zeroed, comprises the measuringscrew |04, the

measuring member or frame |00 moving with but.

independently of the headstock 22, and the collapsed column provided by the spring plate |08. together with the strain sensitive gauging means hereinafter morefully tojbe described, for measuring the variations in strain to'which the plate |08 is subjected. As best shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 7, the measuring member orframe |06 takes the form of anv open rectangular frame which" isl formed at its'rear endwith a nut |58 threaded to the measuringscrew |04. The frame |00 moves substantially in unison with the headstock 22, but independently thereof on the measuring screw |08. The spring plate |08 is supported in its co1- lapsed condition between a contact point |68 on the leading end of the measuring member |06 and a similarly formedcontact point |70 on the rear end of the headstock spindle 28. lThe thrust of the strained element or plate |08 in one direction acts to force the measuring member 06 rearwardly against the measuring screw |04. .Thethrus't of the strained element or plate, 'I08fin' the opposite direction acts to force theheadstock spindle 28 forwardly against the'headsto'ck spindle support 22. 'A'V pair of compression springs |50`(se'e Fig. 3) interposed between the rear end ofthe measuring member 06 and the adjacent .yoke portion of the headstock spindle support' 22 tend to move these parts relatively in a direction op,- poste to that in which they are urgedl by the strained element or plate |08. The pressure exerted by these springs tends to hold the measur'; ing member |08` with the threaded portion there-` of against the left hand sides of the'measuri'n'g threads, and being greater than that'exertedby the strained n element or plate |08 causes the measuring screw to be held firmly againstthe conical bearing I 25 yat the left or forward end of the screw. The springs '|59 further are placed slightly below the centerline of the measuring screw so as` to lovercome the overhanging load caused by theweght of the measuring member |06. i

The spring plate |08 is supported or suspended in the intervening position between contact points |88, I'iIl independently of the headstock spindle 28 and measuring member |08. The supporting structure for the springI plate |08 comprises a leaf spring |60 secured toa transverse plate or bracket '|62 on the headstock 2 2, and provided at opposite ends with downwardlyA extending arms' |64, '|06 which provide supportfor the spring plate |08. The plate 208 is thus connected'between and is caused to be stressed; to a greater` or less degree by the relative movements of the pointsIBB, |10. The collapsed column provided' by the spring plate' |08 and Vthe bonded electrical strain sensitive gauging means associated therewith, provide fan extremelysensitive means forv detecting .change in the relative positionY of the measuring member |08 rand headstock spindlel 28.., In the illustrated form oftheinvention, the Whe-atstone bridge cir.- cuit, connecting the strain gauges has mounted acesaec'a the'reiif .a diall potentiometer `withia dial -'having fifty 'scale markings; `and the apparatus is calibrated in such a manner as to cau-se a movement across'one divisionof the potentiometer dial tocorrespond to'a headstoclr spindle movement of .00062 inch.

Inaccordancewith the inventionmovelk and improved meansare provided for adjusting the-posi` the operator Ian exact indicationof the presentY positionof the measuring member'l D6.

` In order to compensate'for gradually changing lead errors-throughoutthe length'ofithe screw, a compensating device is providedto'rock-the nut I 58"s1ightlyduring the progress of "the" nut Yalong the l'ength'of Athe screw; and' thusY to effect the re quired axialrzadjustment of 'the' nut to" eliminate this error. TheA mechanismY provided.V` for com= pensating for changing 'lead errors, comprises a downwardly extending armfi 'I4 formed integrally withthe measuring member I IlIiand-nutl I 58` which carries' at. itslowerend' a follower cam Vroller H6 for'engagement witha :cam'bar |181" Afcoiled tension spring iconnected Vbetween a pin 182 on therunder side of the" downwardly extending portion I 34"of the headstock 22and` at its other end" to" thearm' |14' acts tobiasztheA armv and cam rolIerIlS against thecam'surface of thebar HS. Asbestshowndn'Figs:j2,`3 and?, 'the' camba'r II8 ispivotallyf'supported on oneend' on a pivotpin |84 andheld`yield'ably"againstitsiseat on the'base 20 by 'meansof .a coiln spring 'i865 Atl its' other end the "cani-.bar |18' is `arranged' 'for' engagement again-stan'adjustablescrew stop'I S8 threaded into a boss formed in the base-20:"

Imac'cordance witha feature of the invention, provision" 'is' made alsof for. 'compensation of periodic harmonic errors inthe measuring screw on bearings where such errorsarerepeated during each successiverevolution'of themea-suring screw. The `mechanism .provi-ded forv effecting this correctin'acts 'automatically "when' the 'screw' has beenmovedto itsindexe'd position inaccordance witht'anyoneof. the m'arkings'on the indicator vdial I I to "automatically re'`adjust" the' angular position of themeasuring-screw'and indicator dial I' I 5 to` compensate' 'for the" amount.' of .the v.periodic harmonic error Lwhich may exist fortheparticular angularpositionof th'e measuringscrew with re latior'rto" itsnut: The -mechanism"provided. for effectingthis* correction comprises a "circular indexing plate `I 9G" whi'cnis fitted' loosely "over" the sleeved hub II I of the gear IIil, and is secured' to theface ofthe gearby meansof three'bolts I 92 which pass ,through oversizeholes'in the hub of the.indeirplate to permitftheindexing plate to be adjusted eccentrically'with relation to the gear I In 'and associated partsiincluding the measuring screw 194i e Anadjusting set: screw "ISA threaded radially' inwardly through the hub 'of' the index-V ing plateL I Sfor engagement Vwith the sleeve hub I I I4 ofthe gearl I0 provides convenient means for accuratelvadjusting' the amounttof eccentricity ofitlr'indexvplatell BIL As best'shown in Fig. v6 of the. drawingthe index'plate' is arranged to be acted "-upon: by a cooperatingone toothed pawl I SIsupportedto turn on Va rotatable pivot pin |98 and'to kie-maintained in'eitherJof two alternate engaging and' disengaging positions by means of a leafsnap spring V2Il0"interposed between the notched outer end of the'pawl and a notch formed ina xedpin'202; An upwardly'extending man# uallyioperableileverarmZD secured to the pivot 12 pinA I98 providesVA convenient meansA for shifting the pawl from its engaging to-its-disengaging-pof sition.- In the operation of the--devicef-the -operator acts rst -to disengagethe pawl ISI--from' the index wheel ISO; rotates the-hand wheelfi-III to' approximately its adjusted position,V and thenshifts the-pawl ISS -again into engagement-withthe teeth ofthe indexing platez- 'Ihefmovement of the pawl -into engagement with -the sloping'- toothed surface ofthe indexing plate'- causes the hand wheel- -I I4, themeasuring -screw- I IMv and measuring member IDB- to'be located-precisely at theindicated thousandth-'of an--inch in accord` ance with the correction made due-to the eenen-'- trcity of the'indexing plate-as the-tooth off-the pawl becomes firmly seated between the -twoad-f jacent-teeth of the index-ing plate.Av The-inden-` in'g plate and pawloperating-as above described; are-of -advantage further in'that` they provide 4for the mechanical setting ofA the measuring screwandmeasuring member in the adjusted position; thus avoiding the uncertainty andpossibility'of error inherentin a manual setting of 'the hand wheel:

The present machine is provided witha work rest which comprises-a base member-2 IU, 'see particularly Figs.- l, 2, 3 and 4,-which -is mounted'on the guideways 'I8 which-carries the-footstock; being-held rigidly in adjustedposition-by` means of two locking bolts 2I'2 which are formed' with enlargedV heads screw-'threaded into square rnuts mounted `in the T-shaped-slot inthe-wayl; The work'rest base' 2 I-is `formed witha vertically arranged' guide well 2 lidi-in: which# is supportedL a verticallymovableposti I6 having -formed n one sidethereof a rack-2l8-for engagement with-fan adjusting pinion 226'. The pinion is'manually operated-by-means` of a knob 222 secured to'th'e outer end thereof.v A locking-screw 224 provides convenient means for locking the post-in adjusted position. The work rest mounted-on the post 2I'6 is only generally indicated, as-ths device Aforms specically no part of the present invention. Th work rest comprises generally the table 26 which islongitudinally movable `on a support 226iand is adjustable in several-planes-'for ease ofhandling the work.

In accordance with another -feature of-'the-in`` ventioni a novel and improved footing support-is provided for the measuring-machine herein illus'- trated, which is well adapted to eliminate any errors in the measurements -rnade on the machine which might otherwise -result` from warping ror springing of the base-when the work piece yis placed in the machine. ln accordance-with the invention, the machine -is arranged toA be sup'- ported -ontwo relativelystationary -feet at the headstock end of the machine-designated atV 2311y 232 as best shown in Figs.y 2 and-6, and on a third foot 234 which is adjustable in sucha manner as tov be located directlybeneath the work Asupport and work-mounted-fthereon for any position `of the work supportand Aworkv thereonx Thel foot 234'is'provided with van upwardly Aextending pin 23d-with an enlarged-head-which'is arranged to ride'in a T-shaped slot 238-formed in the under side of the base 20. To facilitate' the adjustment of the-foot -234 in accordance with the adjusted position-of the work ysupport lengthwise of the machine, a lifting device or jack-isy provided in the form of a vertically arranged post-249'- which is slidably-supported inV a vertical `hole 242 in the base; A stop screw 244provided witha tip which extendsk into a recessed-portion 246- of .the lifting post -240serves to positively limit movement of the post ineither direction. At its upper end the,

post is arranged to engage against the iiattened portion of a transversely extending rock pin 248 provided at its outer end with a manual control lever 250. Rocking of the control lever 250 acts to relatively depress the post 240, and thereby to raise the foctstock end of the measuring machine, thus permitting a ready adjustment of the longitudinally adjustable foot 234.

In accordance with theV invention, gauging means are provided for gauging with an extreme degree of accuracy the positions of each of the headstock and footstock spindles at certain stages in the operation of measuring a work piece. In the preferred form of the measuring machine illustrated, and in accordance with the novel method of operation hereinafter set forth, the highly sensitive gauging means provided are employed to establish a Zero reference position of the footstock spindle on the footstock 24, to establish a zero reference position of the headstock spindle 28 with reference to the measuring member |06, and also to provide a direct readilyperceived measurement of any movement of the headstock spindle 28 with relation to the measuring member 06 in terms of very small linear units in the order of a hundred thousandth of an inch. The gauging means employed comprises speciiically the collapsed column members 36 and 128 above described, and the bonded electrical strain sensitive gauges carried thereon connected in Wheatstone bridge circuits, together with an amplifier and visual inspection unit 254 which enables the operator to readily and quickly determine the zero position of each spindle in turn. The amplifier and 'visual inspection' unit 254 as shown in Fig. l and in the diagram Fig. 8, comprises an amplifier unit casing having mounted thereon an indicator dial 256 from which is read the amplified indication of unbalance of the Wheatstone bridge circuits associated with each spindle, together with the direction of said unbalance to indicate any displacement of the spindle with reference to a predetermined intermediate zero position. Other devices carried on the amplifier unit casing include a sensitivity adjustment dial 258, a sensitivity adjustment knob y 260, .an ofi-on switch 262 and a zero adjustment knob 264.

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 8 to 11 inclusive, the Wheatstone bridge circuit associated with the the footstock spindle strain gauge gauging device has connected across the terminals 3, 4, `a zero adjustment potentiometer 265 with a hand knob 266 which is mounted on a panel cover 268 on the base 20. The Wheatstone bridge circuit associated with the strain gauge gauging device for gauging the position of the headstock spindle, has connected across its terminals 3, 4, a dial potentiometer 210 together with auxiliary resistors R36, R40 and a scale adjustment potentiometer 21| connected for scale adjustmentof thev potentiometer 210, these parts including a hand knob 212 with a graduated dial 214 mounted on the panel 268. The scale adjustment is effected by means of a manually operable knob 213 on the back side of the panel 268. The dial 214 is formed with fifty divisions, each of which corresponds to a movement of the headstock spindle 28 with relation to the measuring member 106 a distance of .00002 inch. The construction and adjustment of the electrical circuits is such that the movement of the potentiometer dial 214 required to eliminate any unbalance in the Wheatstone bridge circuit due to movement ofthe headstock T5;

' of an external measurement on a work piece, will 14' spindle 28 relative to the measuring member |06 and to cause the pointer of the visual inspection meter to return to zero, provides an exact measure of the distance moved by the .headstock spindle 28. The Wheatstone bridges and potentiometers above referred to, are arranged to be connected one at a time by means of a double throw switch 218 controlled by a knob 219 on the panel 268 with theampliiier and visual inspection unit. This unitas illustrated generally in Fig. 8 is housed in itsY entirety within the amplifier and visual inspection unit housing 254. Since the electrical devices and connections employed in the amplifier and visual inspection meter assembly are well known in the art and form specifically no part of the invention, only such description is included as is believed necessary to enable one skilled in the art to understand the connection of the persent invention therewith. It will be understood that means other than the potentiometers as, for example, variable capacitors may be employed vfor controlling the balance of the Wheatstone bridge circuits.

As shown in the diagrammatic Fig. 8. current is supplied to the strain gauge Wheatstone bridge circuits from an A. C. supply through a conventional rectifier circuit which serves to supply a filtered direct current voltage. Part of the D. C. current is regulated by a gaseous regulator tube which, being a piece of ordinary equipment, is not shown, to supply a 1000 cycles-per-second triode oscillator and the last amplifier tube of the amplier circuit which is again of ordinary description. The 1000 cycles-per-second oscillator supplies both Wheatstone bridges through secondary T2,l of the oscillator transformer, and also the rectifier RX through secondary T2,2 of the same oscillator transformer. The output terminals of either of the two Wheatstone bridges may be connected alternately to the amplier by means of the selector switch 218. Forming part of the connections to each Wheatstone bridge circuit are two resistors Rl and R19, which together with the potentiometer R2 afford a means for A electrically adjusting the balance of the active strain gauge bridge circuit. Any unbalance voltage appearing across two of the terminals designated at I and 2 respectively, is fed to the potentiometer R3, which by means of the conventional knob 260 and graduated scale 258 on the front of the amplifier, is used to vary sensitivity of the device. Any desired fraction of the unbalance voltage is detected by the potentiometer R3, and is impressed on the grid of the first amplifier tube of the amplifier. The unbalance voltage is amplified and appears inthe secondary T3,l of the output transformer associated with the last amplifier tube. rectified by the circuit consisting of the ring connected oxide rectifier RX, the transformer windings T3,l and T2,2. A current flows through the meter M which is proportional to the strength of the output voltage, hence to the degree of strain gauge bridge unbalance, and in a direction determined by the relative phase relationsV between the voltage in the transformer winding T2,2 and the voltage in the transformer winding T3,I which is in turn determined by the direction of the strain of the bridge unbalance.

The preferred method of operating the measuring machine herein described, for the making be briefly described as follows: First the footstock 24 is located in adjusted position, In the event that the work to be measured isless thank The output current isk four inches:linidiameter,:thez-footstoek 24 iszloetY cated-inthe iin'ner ofi-its'ltwofalternativezpositions;

piece :is fgreaterf that fourinchesfin diameter; the

proper-position;.'the%.base .2 Ilbeing. movedial'ong the'fguideway.'-`!8`1'1ntil it .isicentral-lyrlocated withaz' respect ^to ther-.Work .piecewheniengagedaagainstii.

theiootstock spindlelii Theahand .lleven 2 ihis.

now operatedst temporarily'.raisextheyfootstock5^ end of.v themachinerwhile.ltheifootZAis adjusted:

lengthwise directly lbeneatltthe workisupportr on 1 then-base? 19.5. The.footstocks. nowiiurther true'd by. manipulationnof 'the verticaluandiihorizontal'... planezadiustmentfsscrews' Si'andfw Such..ad::. justmentsfasmay beznecessaryare -madesalso' toi.:

the work support tot bring :the work: support zexactI-.Jz lyaintorthehorizontaleplanet..

Inlsettin'g- -up fthe: machineJ for the i .taking-.lof` anyl particular i measureznent;'z the -strain @gaugecircuits above descriloe'd;-=`iare#successively:fadevv justed: i'tol zero.` "inf .the following :fmannen: f The heads-took 12'li`s1m0ved1toithe `left-:to: itsizero positiene'. The douhlefsthrortiswitch.'Zlii ifs tripped to thetright, Aand: -.-the dial. potentiometer-:.'andathe. scale '-adiustmentarezfsetSA exactlviat "zero :.1 The meter' '--pointerff-is 'move .r-broughtff`toeexact:izero by: moeementuorlth'e Lheadstock spindle. zlwith. .rela-s tieni.tothemea'dstoclc 22 2 andmeasuringnnenre1 ber :IUS- bysineans ofntlrenexiadj ustrnent knob.. l 44;.; The double lthrowi fswitchai 'i Bisnowftrippe'd: tolthe: lef t i rand tha-pointer fofzzthe. visuaiLinspecf: tionmeterhisagainChrought-f Stoitsizeroi 'position'. throughl--. the. Il:balancing LofiLthelfootstoclz, .Wheat-x stone bridge; circuit; lbyradjn'stment... offv the'` 1f oct-e stockzero'iadj ustrnentpotenticmeterf 25.5.,through manipulationoffrth knoh e6? onitheipaneliv'l."

Thezmachineiis fnowffinzicondition, for; the'. mak-g 1 ing; of; angexternal adjlistinentstheA double throw' switchf.Zlbeing'irrits' position ztogthe cleft;- The headstoeln2211s now. backedz. away, roitmtlie` foot-f stocke a suiicienttdistance; toi allow the insertion oftthework piecezonithea-workisupport'Z; The; headstoekxfne'f adjustment; knob; 'ri Muis.' :rotated: ina elockvvtiseirdirection to: the lirnitoffitsrnovee mente-to :advance the'xheadstock 1spindlef Esito@ its ffu'llyiextended positionv toward the work; a; .i Thev handI :lever-f Zlris i now; moved toi disengage the pawl rfflzsromz-the: index :plate l glrandthe.- handY wheeled M is :operatedtory advance the; -headstock- 222v land,V headstoclr spinclie`-23= againstfthef work until :the ffheadstock andcworkzvpiecef:engaged therebyzihaueffforcedvzltheffootstock spindle 362' rearwardly :a suficientedistanceito @cause-the pointer of*thevisiial'inspection: meter 25S* toshowy positiva: indicating thatf; the W gfootstoct:` iz anvil: hasflceenl retracted bei/fondi its` :normalvzero posi. tion'.;; The:pawlt|Sis now stripped'by means-or handelever'iM"against the toothed edge of the indexing; .plate I 9S; ycausing the 'indexing plate toi befxlocked-in :position-f inY 4the-largest complete thousandth of an inchythus accurately determiningthe position ofthe headstock 22f`andcmeasuringmemberggl i toxthenearest thousandth .of an inchzft.. The ne adjustment knob .'.i 44 t is know vrotated'gto retract ltheyheaidstockspindle; permit# ting the workepiece: andiizthe .footstockz spindle under :thezpressurerof its strained .springgmember 36- -toche -extended' until the; .visual inspectionmeteripointereis iloroughtgto ;anexact; zero: posif: tionsi The double throw, switch .2 'i8 y is now again tripped tozgfitsl position: :to: the ,right,l connecting the headstock Wheatstone :bridge:circuitzandzdial Cil potentiometer. VZ'i' "with the --amplier and visual inspection .meter unit.; The dial potentiometerYA illisfnow rotated from thefzero position to which it Lis' setirthrough a Asuiiicientv distance to .re--

establisha balance fof theheadstock Wheatstone bridgecircuit,` and thus `torbring the pointerasf-v sociated with the visual' inspection meter 'back to a zero position. f Thedistance thus moved by the dial of the headstock potentiometer 219 provides 4a -dial'indication in units of two one hundred thousandths ofaan inch each of the distancemoved-` by the neadstock `spindle 28 from its zeroed-position with relation to the measuring, member iil-,wThe nal reading achieved. by the machine willincludea reading in terms of inches and.y tenths of inches from vthe relative'positicnsorthe'scaie l andrpointer 1.2i, a reading in dialfpotentionieter- 27%.

n In 4accordance with the disclosure of Figs. 12: tc. linclusive of, the drawings, an internal meas-- tiringk attachment is'provided which will adapt.

thefmachine-,of the presentinvention for the..

making of internal measurements. The internal attachment referred to, comprises aninternal-Y attachment footstockunit 2% shown in Figs. -l2v andi3, and an .internal attachment headstockv unit 29.2. .The footstockunit' .consists of a. casing or. framememberfprcvided with a .tongue ,member-'29e whichfstted into .the slot .opening` `of1a T-shaped .guideway 236'. on -the footstock 24,.

and. to.- whichit isrigidly. Aclamped by means .of a

boltj anda locking nut 3813.,V The casingef provides a support for ananvil supportingmein-n ber 352', whichcarries on a downwardly extending. arm,. an anvil 3&4, and on a ,second down. wardly extending arm, an internal. work engag ingfcotstock anvil .353'61' The member' 302"with' anvils'3g'-3ll'is supported for movement on the line of centers upon a pair of reed supports 3&3, :3 H3 on a supportingzlolock 312 which is forced upwardly' and supported against abutting 'surfaces on the bracket .by means of a clamp, screw 3M.' A semi-cylindrical rib SIB formed on that end.of.,the,b1ock .3&2 away from the work' o piece; is" adapted 'for' locking engagement in" a cooperating V=sl1aped` groovel 3 i8" formed in; the

bracket'Q. Tliebiockis 'supported at its outei endv against `2in-'adjusting screw 322:Q A come pression 'spring' 321i" interposed `betweerran* ade justing lscrewA 326-"'on"-a downward'extension -'of blockSl'Z anda seat formed in anupward'ex-l tensionpf the'member Sim-'serves to Vurge the member rand contactpointss; 4`Siltfto lthe lefttol engage thecontact point--lfagainst theV footstoek Lanvil Zil The strength' of the spring f'lis such as `to overbalance-the spring system provided'hy #the strainedselement andtension' adjustingsprings S2,`-Hi2,"so that the@internal'at-l tachment footstock anvil 'Z 'is 4urged" yieldabiy to "the left away romfth'e headstock for engagement'with internal work surfaces. Inorderthat the pressure exerted againstthe work'byethe' footstock internal; attachment .anvil 313B'.v may-be adjusted oa predetermined .valuevin' accordance with'v the requirements'loi theswork, Ia second-scale i5 ,provided on. :the :adjusting .screwwmemberr T4 which is; calibrated to providea direct Vreading ofi theV .adjustedfpressureexertedn against the work. surface;;by. the internalexmeasuring. anvili through-fthe;springesystern;includinaspringe The member 302 with anvils 304, 306, is adapted to be moved positively to the right to release the work by means of connections which include a manually operable lever 328, a rock shaft 330 having a nattened cam portion formed in the periphery thereof, and a plunger 334 which `is interposed betvteen the periphery or the rock sha-ft 330 and the member 302. Rocking movement of hand lever 323 to the right causes the plunger 33d and the anvil supporting member 302 therewith to be moved to the right against the pressure of its spring 324 to release the work.

The headstock internal measuring unit as shown in Figs. 14 and l5, comprises the casing 292 having formed on the under side thereof a tongue member 340 for engagement in the slot opening of a T-shaped guideway 342 on the headstock spindle support 22. A clamping screw 344 and nut 3dB serve to clamp the internal attachment headstock unit .in its adjusted position. The casing 292 provides support for a headstock internal attachment anvil supporting member 348 having formed thereon a downwardly extending arm which carries thereon a headstock work engaging anvil 350 for internal measurements, and a second downwardly extending arm with an anvil 352 for engagement with the headstock anvil 28. The headstock internal anvil supporting member 348 is mounted t move axially upon two reed supports 354, 356 carried on a supporting block 358. The block 358 is vsecured by means of a screw 360 which acts to force the block upwardly, causing a semicylindrical rib 362 formed in one end of the block to be held in locking engagement with a V-shaped groove in the bracket 202, while the other end of the block is engaged against an adjustable stop screw 366.

When the machine is used for the making of internal measurements, the range of measurement which can be made is from a minimum size as determined by the combined thickness or" the internal attachment iootstock anvil 306 and headstock anvil 350 to a maximum of about four inches. The method of operation of the measuring machine when set up for the making of internal measurements is generally similar to the method of operation above described in connection with the making of external measurements, but with the following changes. In order to secure a zero setting of the machine for internal work, the internal attachment anvils 30S and 350 are set a predetermined distance apart which may, for example, be one-half inch by means of gauge blocks 310 as shown in Fig. 12, and the headstock spindle support 22, the micrometer screw indicator dial H5 and the dial 214 of the dial potentiometer 2"!0 are zeroed in this position. The procedure to be followed thereafter is the same as that previously described, except that for the making of internal measurements upon a work piece, the headstock is retracted instead of being advanced to engage the internal 18 What is claimed is: l. In a measuring machine, a base, a work contacting element movable on the base to measure the work, means for effecting a measuredl uring member, and indicating means connected to indicate the condition of strain of said strained element.

2. In a measuring machine, the combination of a base, a headstock comprising a headstock spindle support shiftable on the base, a headstock spindle shiftable on the headstock spindle support, a feed screw for effecting axial adjust-- ment of the headstock spindle support, a measuring screw synchronized to turn with the feed screw, a measuring member arranged to be moved by the measuring screw in the same direotion with but independently of the headstockspindle support, indicating means having divisions indicating the adjusted angular positionof the measuring screw in terms` of linear adjust-- ment of the measuring member and headstock spindle support therewith, means for effecting a fine adjustment in the position of the headstock spindle with relation to the headstock spindle support including means for moving the headstock spindle on the headstock spindle support, and indicating means including an element sup ported between the headstock spindle and measuring member and arranged to be subjected to measurable variations of strain by movement of said spindle, and-strain sensitive gauging means connected with said strained element to provide an indication of any variation of such strain, and amplifying and visual inspection means to amplify and to present for visual inspection said amplified indication.

3. In a measuring machine, the combination of a base, a footstock, a headstock comprising aA headstock spindle support movable on the base, a headstock spindle shiftable on the headstock spindle support, a feed screw for shifting the headstocl; spindle support, a measuring screwj synchronized to turn with the feed screw, a measuring element arranged to be moved by the measuring screw with but independently of the headstock spindle support, indicating means having divisions indicating the adjusted angular position of the measuring screw in terms of linear position of the measuring element and headstockY spindle support therewith, means for moving the headstock spindle on the headstock spindle support, and indicating means for indicating the position of the spindle with relation to said measuring element comprising a strained element connected therebetween to be subjected to measurable variations of strain by movement of the headstock spindle relative to said member, and strain sensitive vgauging means comprising a Wheatstone bridge circuit including a bonded electrical strain sensitive gauge on said strained element, an amplier and visual inspection unit connected to provide a magnified indication of any unbalance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit, and a variable element disposed to control said Wheatstone bridge circuit adjustable to effect a zero balance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit and calibrated to indicate in predetermined units of linear measure the corresponding distance required to be moved by the headstock spindle to restore lsaid balance.

4. In a measuring machine, the combination of a base, a headstoclr` comprising a headstock spindle support shiftable on the base, a headstock spindle shiftable on the headstocl; spindle support, a feed screw supported from the base for moving the headstock 'spindle support, a measuring screw-supported from the base synchronized to turn with the feed screw, a measuring element arranged to be moved by the measuring screw with but independently of the headstock spindle support, an indicating device connected between the spindle and the measuring element, indicating means associated lwith the measuring screw having divisions indicating rthe relative angular position -of the measuring screw in terms of units of relative linear adjustment of the measuring element, an indexing device comprising an indexing member on the measuring screw and a relatively stationary member arranged to cooperate with said indexing member or locating the screw in successively spaced angular indexed positions corresponding with divisions of said indicating means, -'and means `for adjusting said indexing member eccentrically of the measuring screw to compensate the screw for periodic harmonic errors in Ythe screw.

5. VIn a measuring machine, the combination of a base, a'headsto'ck comprising a headstock spindle support shiftable on vthe base, a headstock shiftable on the support, a feed screw and nut supported from the base and connected to move the headstock spindle support, a measuring screw synchronized to turn with the feed screw, a measuringelement arranged to be moved by the measuring screw 'axially with but independently of the headstock spindle support, indicating means associated with the measuring screw 4having divisions indicating the Aangular position of adjustment 'of `the screw 'in terms of'units or linear adjustment of said measuring element, mechanical vmeans for accurately locating the measuring screw in each 'position of angular adjustmerit in accordance with the indication of said divisions, and a iine adjustment for the headstock Vspindle comprising means for effecting a ne movement of the spindle, and a iine adjustment indicating means vfor indicating v.the Vposition of the heads'toc'k spindle with relation to the measuring element.

6. In a measuring machine, the combination of 'a'base, a'headstock comprising headstock spindle support -shiftable on the base, a headstock spindle Vshiftable on 'the hea'dstock spindle support, Va feedscrew'and nut Vconnected vvbetween the base and 'headstock spindle 'support 'for effecting 'adjustment of the headstock spindle support, a 'measuring screw substantially in yalignment with the headstock spindle and synchronized -to turn `with the feed screw, Va measuring element -in 'the fcrmof va -frame threaded -to the measuring screw Aand having thecontact surface thereof disposed in alignment vwith the headstock spindle, indicating `means -associated with the measuring screw Vhaving Vdivisions .indicating .the adjustedangular position of the measuring screw in terms -fof linear adjustment of the measuring element, 'a strained :element Einter- 20 posed between said contact surface ci the measuring element and the headstock spindle, and strain sensitive gauging means to provide an indication of any variation of strain in said strained element.

7. In a measuring machine, a base, a measuring head movable on the base, means for imparting measured movements to the measuring head including a measuring element movable independently of and in the same direction with the measuring head on the base, a micrometer screw and nut connected between the measuring element and the base, and actuating means synchronized with the micrometer screw and nut for moving the measuring head with the measuring element, indicating means having vdivisions indicating the relative angular position of said screw and nut in terms of units of relative linear adjustment of said screw and nut, and an indexing device for relatively positioning said screw and nut with respect to any selected divisionof said indicating means, a fine adjustment means acting independently of the screw and nut for effecting a ine adjustment of the measuring head relative to the measuring element, and a fine adjustment indicating means connected between the measuring head and measuring element calibrated for indicating the position of the .measuring head with vrelation to the screw and nut in terms of subdivisional units of length.

8. In a measuring machine, a base, a measuring head movable on the base including a measuring element movable independently of and in the same direction with the measuring head on the base, a micrometer screw on the base, and a nut arranged to travel thereon attached to the measuring element, and actuating means connected between the base and the measuring head and synchronized with the micrometer screw and nut for moving the measuring head with the measuring element, indicating means having devices indicating the relative angular position of the screw and nut in terms of units of linear adjustment of the nut, a circular indexing plate connected to rotate with the screw having indentations therein corresponding with the divisions of said indicating means, a pawl arranged for engagement in said indentations for positioning the screw with respect to any selected device of ksaid indicating means, iine adjustment means supplementing the operation of said actuating Vmeans for moving the measuring head relative to the measuring element a linear distance equal to that represented by one of said devices, and a fine adjustment indicating means connected between the measuring head and the measuring element having subdivisions for indicating the linear adjustment of the measuring head relative to the measuring element in terms of subdivisional units of length.

9. In a measuring machine, a base, a measuring head movable on the base, a measuring member movable independently of and in the same direction with the measuring head on the base providing a reference position for the measuring head, a micrometer device supported from the base for moving the measuring member through a predetermined distance, actuating means connected between the base and the measuring head and synchronized with the micrometer `devicefor moving the measuring head with the measuring member, and an indicating means for indicating the position of the measuring head with respect to the measuring member comprising a strained element connected between said member .and the 22 zero balance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit; and having the dial thereof calibrated to indi-l cate in predetermined units of linear measure the corresponding distance required to be moved inga bonded electrical strain sensitive gauge on 5 by the measuring head to restore said balance,

said strained element, an amplifier and visual inspection unit connected to provide a magnified indication of any unbalance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit, and a variable element arranged tovcontrol the balance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit adjustable to eiect a zero balance of -said Wheatstone bridge circuit and calibrated to indicate in predetermined units of linear measure the corresponding distance required to be moved by the measuring head to restore said balance.

10. In a measuring machine, a base, a measuring head movable on the base, a measuring member movable independently of and in the same "direction with the measuring head on the base, means for imparting measured movements to the measuring member and headincluding a measuring screw connected between the-measuring member and base,v actuating means connected between the base and the measuring head and synchronized with a measuring screw for moving the measuring head with relation to the measuring member for the ne adjustment thereof, and indicating means for indicating the positionrof the measuring head with relation to said member comprising a strained element connected between said member and the measuring head to be subjected to variable strain by movement of the measuring head relative to said member, and strain sensitive gauging means comprising a Wheatstone bridge circuit including a group of bonded electrical strain sensitive gauges on said strained element, an amplifier and visual inspection unit connected to provide n magninea indication of any unbalance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit, and a variable element arranged to control said Wheatstone bridge circuit adjustable to effect a zero balance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit, and calibrated to indicate in predetermined units of linear measure the corresponding distance required to be moved by the measuring head to restore said balance.

11. In a measuring machine, a base, a measuring head movable on the base, a measuring member movable independently of and in the same direction with the measuring head on the base, lmeans for imparting measuring movements to the measuring member and head including a measuring screw connected between the measuring member and base, actuating means contuating means for moving the measuring head with relation to the measuring member for the 'fine adjustment thereof, and indicating means vfor indicating the position of the measuring head with relation to said member comprising a strained element connected between said mem- 1 -icuit,. a.' dial -potentiorlieter connected; across, said r Wheatstone bridge circuit adjustable to eect a and a scale adjustment potentiometer connected in parallel with said dial potentiometer.

` 12, A measuring machine having. in combination,A a base, a footstock on the base. -a footstock spindle movable thereon, a headstock assembly including a headstock spindle on the base in opposed relation to the footstock spindle for the `engagement of a work piece therebetween, a measuring member connected to be moved -with the headstock spindle, means for imparting meas'- ured movements to said headstock spindle and measuring member including a micrometer device supported from the base for imparting measured movements t0 the measuring member, and actuating means Asynchronized with the microm eter device and acting independently thereof for moving the headstock spindle with the measuring member, means supported independently of said micrometer device for moving the headstock spindle with relation to the measuring member for the iine adjustment thereof, and indicating means associated with each of said footstock and headstock spindles comprising strained elements connected between the headstock spindle and measuring member, and between the footstock spindle and footstock and arranged to be'sub jected to measurable variations of strain by movement of headstock and footstock spindles respectively, strain sensitive gauging means comprising Wheatstone .bridge circuits including groups of bonded electrical strain sensitive gauges von said strained elements respectively, an amplifier and visual inspection unit, and means for connecting said unit to provide a magnified indication fof any unbalance of yeither of said Wheatstone bridge .circuits selectively, aV zero adjustment variable element connected to vcon-- trol thel balance of the footstock Wheatstone bridge circuit, and a variable element connected to r control the balance of said headstock Wheatstone bridge circuit adjustable to effect a zero balance of said headstock connected Wheatstone bridge circuit and calibrated to indicate` in pre'- determined units of linear measure the correspending distance required to be moved'by the measuring head to restore said balance.

13. In a measuring machine, a'measuring head, means for imparting measured movements to the measuring head including a measuring screw and nut, indicating means having divisions inj' dicating the relative angular position in terms of units of relative linear adjustment of said screw and nut, an indexing plate connected to turn with the screw having indentations arranged in a circular pattern corresponding with divisions of said indicating means, a pawl detent engaging 'said indentations for relatively positioning said `screw and nut with respect to any selected di'- vision of said indicating means, said indexing plate being further arranged for adjustment veccentrically with relation to the axis of the measuringscrew in a direction and by an amount to compensate for periodic harmonic errors in the screw.

14. In a measuring machine, a measuring head, means for imparting measured movements to the measuring head including a measuring screw and nut, an indexing device comprising an index'- ,inlghmember on the .screw and a relatively stationary member arranged to cooperate with said 23- indexing. ymember tor locating the screw in successively spaced .angular :indexed positions, and al loose .supporting connection between .the screw and indexing member for .the adjustment of said indexing member .eccentrically -of the measuring screw in .a Vdirection and by Ian ,amount to compensate for periodic harmonic errors in the screw. 15. Inra measuring machine, :a work contacting `element movable to measure the work, means for effectinga measured movement of said work contacting element including a measuring screw,

means for indexing the screw .having a number vofv indicated stop positions, said indexing means including an indexing Aplate connected to rotate with the screw ,having stop surfaces cor responding with 4the indicated stop Vpositions .of said member, pivotal supporting means .on which saidindex plate is freely adjustable .eccentrically about its axis -to compensate for periodic har.-

ninieA .errors-in `the screw, Aand a vstop `element d cooperating with said stop surfaces for adjusting thetsuccessive indexed stop positions of the screw. y ,w1-B. a measuring machine, a work contactingelement movable to measure the work, means `,or'effectingl ameasured movement of said work contacting element including a measuring screw, and means `ior indexing the screw having .a numbi-l "ofindicad .stop positions, said .indexing means including a circular indexing plate with stop stations at .equally spaced intervals about .the periphery thereof connected to rotate with thescrew and mounted for adjustment eccentricallyA fref'aly about its axis to provide successive ,indexed positions of the screw adjusted to compensate for .periodic harmonic .errors of .the screw. 17., In a measuring machine, a work contactfing element movable to .measure the work, means or'eiecting .a measured movement of said work contacting Aelement including .a vmeasuring screw, and means for indexing the screw including indi- `-eating means providing a number of predetermined stop positions, an indexing plate conto rotate with the screw and having stop *surfaceslcorresponding with said indicated stop positions, astop member movable in a fixed path into' cooperating engagement with said vstop surfaces to 'control the indexed stop position of the srewQand means supporting said indexing plate for'adjustment eccentrically of its axis in a `direction .andby an amount to adjust the indexed stop' positions of the `screw to compensate for periodic harmonic errors of the screw.

"18; In ameasuring machine, a measuring head, means for 'imparting measured movements to the measuring jhead including a measuring screw and an (indicating dial secured to turn with the scr'ew having divisions 'indicating successive angulr positions of the screw in terms of units 'of linear adjustment of the nut, an indexing plate 'seci'e'dto .turn with the screw and dial having findentations .arranged in a circular pattern correspcmeing'with divisions of said menacing c iai, it' 'ps .vvl detent, and means for yieldably lengaging thepawldetent in said indentations vfor positioningthe' screw with respect to any selected division of said indicating dial, and supporting means dfor fthe indexing plate arranged to permit adjustment 6I theindexing Vplate eccentrically with relation 4to the measuring screw 'in a direction and by an amount to compensate for periodic harmonic errcrsin the screw.

`"19; A measuring machine, a measuring head, means 'for imparting measure-d movements to the measuring head vincluding a measuring screw and .nu nfinefeaung mai secured to tum with the screw having Adivisions indicating lsuccessive angular positions of the .screw in terms of units of linear adjustment ofthe nut, an indexing plate secured to turn with the .screw and dial having indentations arranged in a circular pattern corre spending with .divisions .of said indicating dial, a pawl .detent Aarranged to engage said indenta- .tions for positioning the -screw in accordance with .any selected division of said indicating dial., a snap spring ,acting on the pawl .for positioning the vpawl .alternatively against and away fromsaid indentations, manual means for shifting the pawl between engaging and disengaged positions, and supporting means for the index plate arranged to permit adjustment of the indexing plate eccentrically with relation to .the measuring screw in .a direction and by an amount to compensate for periodic harmonic errors .in the screw.

.20. In a measuring machine, a base, ya measuring head movable on .the base, means .for imparting measured movements to the measuring head including .a micrometer screw supported from vthe base anda measuring member having a threaded connection with the screw to vbe moved by the screw with .the measuring head on the base, actuating ,means synchronized with the screw for moving the measuring head with the measuring member, indicating means .having divisions indica-.ting the angular. position of said screw, a `tine adjustment control for moving the .measuring head relative to the measuring member and screw, and ne adjustment indicating means Vcomprising .an element connected between the measuring head and measuring member and a1'- ranged to be .subjected to .measurable variations Vof strain by movement of the measuring head relative to the measuring member, strain sensitive gauging means connected with said strained element to provide an indication of any variation of .such strain, and visual inspection means to present said indication for visual inspection.

21. Ina measuring machine, .a base, a measur ing head movable on the base, means for imparting measured movements to .the measuring head including a micrometer screw .supported from the base and a measuring member having a threaded connection with the screw to be moved by the screw with the measuring head on the base, .actuating means .synchronized with .the screw for moving the measuring head with the measuring member, indicating means having divisions indicating the angular position of said screw, an indexing .device for mechanically positioning said .screw with respect to anyselected `division of said indicating means, .a fine .adjustment control for 'moving the measuring head relative to the measuring `member .and screw, and vfine adjustment in .dicati-ng means comprising an elementconnectcd between the measuring head and measuring member and arranged to be subjected to measurable variations of strain by movement of the measuring head relative to the measuring member, strain .sensitive gauging mea-ns connected with .said strained Velement to provide an indication of any 4:variation of such strain, and visual inspection means to .present said indication for Avisual inspection.

22. Ina measuring .ma-chine, a base, a measurhead movable von the base, means .for imparting measured movements to the :measuring head including a lmicrometer .screw supported from .the base and a measuring member having a threaded connection with .the 1screw to be moved by the screw w'itli :the measuring head .on :the

base, actuating .means synchronized with screw for moving the measuring head with the measuring member, indicating means having divisions indicating the angular position of said screw, an indexing device for positioning said screw with respect to any selected division of said indicating means, a ne adjustment control for moving the measuring head relative to the measuring member and screw, and ne adjustment indicating means comprising an element connected between the measuring head and measuring member and arranged to be subjected to measurable variations of strain by movement of the measuring head relative to the measuring member, and strain sensitive gauging means comprising bonded electrical strain sensitive gauges mounted on said strained member and connected in a Wheatstone bridge circuit to provide an indication of such strain variations, and electrical amplifying and visual inspection means to provide an amplified indication of any unbalance of said Wheatstone bridge circuit.

23. A measuring machine having, in combination, a base, a pair of work contacting anvils movable on the base for the measurement of a work piece therebetween, a support associated with each anvil providing a reference position with relation to which the anvil is movable, yieldable means urging one of said anvils against the work under a controlled pressure, means for effecting movement of the other of said anvils for the measurement of a work piece against said controlled anvil pressure which comprises a micrometer screw and nut connected between the support associated with the latter anvil and the base, actuating means connected between the base and said latter anvil and synchronized with the micrometer screw and nut for moving said latter anvil with the associated support, means connected with said actuating means for moving said latter anvil with relation to the associated support, and indicating means having divisions indicating the relative angular position of said screw and nut in terms of units of linear adjustment of said associated support, and indicating means responsive to movement of each of lsaid anvils with relation to said reference position comprising an element connected between each anvil and the associated support to be maintained under a condition of strain variable in accordance with changes in the position of the respective anvil, strain sensitive gauging means connected with said strained elements to provide indications of strain variation imposed upon said strained elements by movement of the respective anvils, and visual inspection meansy connected to present for visual inspection said indications of strain variation.

, 24. A measuring machine having, in combination, a base, a pair of work contacting anvils movable on the base for the measurement of a work piece therebetween, a support associated with each anvil providing a reference position with relation to which the anvil is movable, yieldable means urging one of said anvils against the work under a controlled pressure, means for effecting movement of the other of said anvils for the measurement of a work piece against said controlled anvil pressure which comprises a micrometer screw and nut connected between the support associated with the latter anvil and the base, actuating means connected between the base and said latter anvil and synchronized with the micrometer screw and nut for moving said latter anvil with the associated support, means connected with said actuating means for moving said latter anvil with relation to the associated support, and indicating means having divisions indicating the relative angular position of said screw and nut in terms of units of linear adjustment of said associated support, an indicating means responsive to movement of each of said anvils with relationv to said reference position comprising an element connected between each anvil and the associated support to be maintained under a, condition of strain variable in accordance with changes in the position of the respective anvil, strain sensitive gauging means associated with each of the anvils comprising Wheatstone bridge circuits embodying electrical strain sensitive gauging means on each of said strained elements, means for adjusting the balance of each of` said Wheatstone bridge circuits, and electrical amplifier and visual inspection means to provide a magnied indication of any unbalance of said Wheatstone bridge circuits.

25. A measuring machine having, in combination, a base, a pair of work contacting anvils mov'- able on the base for the measurement of a/work piece therebetween, a support associated ,with each anvil providing a reference position.V with relation to which the anvil is movable, yieldable means urging one of said anvils against thel work under a controlled pressure, means for eiecting movement of the other of said anvils againstsaid controlled anvil pressure for the measurement of a work piece, said means for moving thelatter of said anvils comprising a micrometer screw and nut connected between the associated support and` the base, actuating means connected between the base and said latter anvil and synchronized with the micrometer screw and nut for moving said lat-V ter anvil with the associated support, means'connected with said actuating means for moving said latter anvil with relation to the associated support, and indicating means having divisions indieating the relative angular position of said screw and nut in terms of units of linear adjustment 'olil said associated support, and indicating means re sponsive to movement of each of said anvils with relation to said reference position comprising an element connected between each anviland .the associated support to be maintained under a con-1 dition of strain variable in accordance with changes in the position -of the respective anvil, strain sensitive gauging means comprising Wheatstone bridge circuits including bonded elec-v trical strain sensitive gauges on each of said strained elements, and electrical ampliiier and visual inspection means to present for visualinspection amplified indication of any unbalance inl each oi said Wheatstone bridge circuits. n

26. A'measuring machine having, in combina-I tion, a base, a pair of work contacting anvils mov-, able on the base for the measurement of a workv piece therebetween, a support associated with each anvil providing a reference position with relation to which the anvil is movable, yieldableA means urging one of said anvils against the work under a controlled pressure, means for eiecting movement of the other of said anvils against said 

